Cybersecurity vs. Software Engineering: Understanding the Differences

Computer science is an incredibly expansive field, encompassing various specialized domains, each offering distinct career paths. Among these, two prominent disciplines are cybersecurity and computer engineering. If you’re contemplating furthering your education or seeking to explore the diverse avenues within computer science, you’re in the right place.

Read on as we put cybersecurity vs. software engineering head-to-head, weighing factors like curriculum, career prospects, required skills and more. By the end of this comparison, you’ll be equipped with the knowledge needed to make an informed decision about which of the two, cybersecurity or software engineering, would be a better fit for you.

Understanding the Basics

Cybersecurity and software engineering fundamentally diverge at their core. Below, we’ll briefly go through the two fields, providing a brief overview by highlighting their central focuses and core principles.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity, a subset of computer science, is all about safeguarding our digital world—protecting networks, information systems and various types of data from unauthorized access and cyber threats. It follows a systematic process: finding vulnerabilities, building strong defenses and strategizing to minimize risks.

At the core of this field is the “CIA triad,” encompassing three vital principles:

• Confidentiality: Ensuring that sensitive information remains accessible only to those with the appropriate permissions.
• Integrity: Maintaining the accuracy and consistency of data, preventing unauthorized alterations.
• Availability: Guaranteeing that critical systems and data remain accessible to users when needed, without undue interruptions.

Software engineering

Software engineering is another branch of computer science. However, this one is focused on crafting digital solutions to real-world problems by designing, developing and maintaining software applications. It operates through a methodical process: understanding requirements, writing code, testing for quality and deploying for practical use.

At its foundation lies a set of key principles:

• Efficiency: Striving for software that runs smoothly and maximizes performance.
• Reliability: Building applications that consistently deliver the expected results without unexpected errors.
• Maintainability: Designing software in a way that future updates and refinements can be easily integrated.

Curriculum Differences

Next, we continue the comparison of software engineering vs. cybersecurity by examining their respective curricula. Thus, we’ll offer insights into the specific domains each field prioritizes.

Cybersecurity 

The curriculums of cybersecurity programs are meticulously designed to offer specialized training across various areas of the field. These courses are strategically chosen to collectively equip individuals with the skills and knowledge to safeguard digital assets proficiently.

For instance, within the curriculums for our Master of Science degree in Cybersecurity and the Cyber Security Certificate, you’ll engage with a diverse array of subjects tailored to this objective, including:

• Database Management Systems
• Networking and Cloud Computing
• Hardware and Software Platforms
• Basic Scripting and Programming
• Special Topics in Information Systems
• Fundamentals of Cybersecurity
• Cybersecurity Planning and Management
• Information Assurance Compliance and Auditing
• Penetration Testing
• Digital Forensics

Software engineering

Similarly, a typical software engineering degree program features a well-rounded curriculum designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in the field. Some of the core courses included in most of these programs include:

• Fundamentals of Software Engineering
• Theory of Programming Languages
• Agile Methods for Software Development Method
• Visual Analytics
• Operating Systems
• Software Requirements Analysis and Engineering
• Software Architecture and Component-Based Design
• Software Testing, Quality Assurance and Maintenance
• Data Structures
• Designs and Analysis of Algorithms

Career Opportunities

Both cybersecurity and software engineering, as is characteristic of many technology-driven fields, present outstanding career prospects. In the following paragraphs, we will explore some promising opportunities awaiting you in these two domains.

Cybersecurity

With a degree in cybersecurity, you can work in a range of positions, such as:

1. Cybersecurity analyst: Acts as a digital sentinel, keeping an eye on security events, fortifying defenses and crafting response blueprints.
2. Penetration tester: Plays the role of a friendly hacker, testing systems by mimicking cyber-attacks to spot weak points.
3. Security engineer: Engineers safety by devising and setting up security tools like firewalls and encryption methods.
4. Security consultant: Offers expert advice to businesses on safety norms, evaluates risks and helps craft solid security game plans.
5. Incident responder: Jumps into action post-security breaches, ensuring issues are handled promptly and efficiently.
6. Security architect: A digital architect who designs impregnable systems and networks to withstand cyber onslaughts.
7. Forensic analyst: The cyber detective who dives into the aftermath of cybercrimes, gathering clues and supporting legal actions.
8. Security compliance analyst: The rule-checker ensuring that companies stick to industry norms and official regulations.
9. Security manager/director: Leads the charge in overseeing all things security, from policy crafting to incident management.
10. Chief information security officer: The top-tier leader in cybersecurity, steering security strategies and ensuring adherence to rules.

It’s worth noting that some positions may require specific certifications or degrees, so continued education and professional development are often crucial to advancing in this field.

Software engineering

On the other hand, with a degree in software engineering, you can pursue a career as:

1. Software developer: The builders of the digital realm, they design, fine-tune and uphold software tailored for diverse platforms and sectors.
2. Front-end developer: The visual maestro, focusing on crafting intuitive user interfaces that amplify user engagement.
3. Back-end developer: The behind-the-scenes technician, responsible for ensuring the software’s backbone—databases, server logic and applications—runs seamlessly.
4. Full-stack developer: The all-rounder, equipped with the skills to oversee both the visual interface and the intricate back-end operations.
5. DevOps engineer: The bridge between coding and operations, emphasizing seamless collaboration and smart automation.
6. Mobile app developer: Pioneers in the pocket-sized digital domain, they design software specifically for mobile gadgets, be it Android or iOS.
7. Game developer: The digital storytellers, bringing interactive gaming experiences to life across various platforms and narratives.
8. Software architect: Visionaries who draft the blueprint for intricate software solutions, considering every nuance and interaction.
9. Cloud engineer: Custodians of the vast virtual skies, they ensure cloud services are nimble, efficient and ready to scale.
10. AI/ML engineer: The vanguard of futuristic tech, devising smart algorithms and patterns for machines to think and learn.

Certain positions may require specific programming languages or frameworks, so ongoing learning and professional development are invaluable for a successful career in software engineering.

Skill Sets and Traits for Success

Success in both cybersecurity and software engineering relies on possessing the necessary requisite skills and abilities for the respective field. Let’s break down the essential skills and traits needed in each area for a better understanding.

Cybersecurity 

The cybersecurity sector requires a diverse set of abilities and traits, many of which can be fostered through educational programs. These skills and traits include:

• Holding expertise in various cybersecurity tools and technologies.
• Being familiar with firewalls, intrusion detection systems and encryption protocols.
• Demonstrating proficiency in addressing security issues, identifying vulnerabilities and devising strategic solutions.
• Possessing strong analytical and critical thinking capabilities.
• Maintaining high ethical integrity.
• Showing competency in ethical hacking methods and penetration testing.
• Having a solid understanding of relevant legal and compliance frameworks.
• Exhibiting good communication and collaboration skills.

Software engineering

The field of software engineering demands a diverse array of traits and abilities, including:

• Having proficiency in Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, or other relevant programming languages.
• Demonstrating skills in developing efficient algorithms and data structures to optimize software performance.
• Possessing strong communication and collaboration skills.
• Being able to analyze complex issues, devise effective solutions and debug code efficiently.
• Understanding and applying standard architectural templates to ensure robust and scalable solutions.
• Acquiring knowledge of database systems and using SQL for data storage and retrieval.
• Exhibiting strong time management skills.
• Showing a willingness to learn and adapt to new technologies.

Financial Considerations

When considering the financial aspects of pursuing a cybersecurity or software engineering career, it’s essential to recognize that both fields offer competitive earning potential that ensures a return on investment for the money, time and energy you spend to earn your degree.

Data shows that as a cybersecurity professional in the United States, you are estimated to earn an annual total pay of $101,800, with a salary ranging from $60,000 to $174,000 per year. On the other hand, when working in software engineering, you can expect to earn even more—an annual total pay of $139,730, with the exact salary ranging from $91,000 to $218,000 per year.

Both fields offer excellent opportunities for career advancement and additional compensation through bonuses, benefits and potential for entrepreneurship. In addition to that, salaries vary significantly based on specialization, experience, location and more.

Future Outlook

Both cybersecurity and software engineering present highly promising job outlooks in the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, as recent statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics underscore the favorable employment prospects for professionals in computer and information technology roles. Projections from 2022 to 2032 anticipate a substantial growth rate, surpassing the average for all occupations. Approximately 377,500 new job opportunities are expected to emerge annually in these fields.

Moreover, the demand for software developers, quality assurance analysts and testers is anticipated to surge by 25% during this period. Likewise, the global labor market has witnessed a remarkable 60% increase in the demand for cybersecurity experts over the past two years, indicating a flourishing job market for individuals venturing into this dynamic sector.

Key Considerations When Choosing a Degree

Before committing to a degree, it’s vital to consider several factors that can significantly influence your educational path and future career. These factors include:

Program flexibility

For working professionals seeking to advance their education, program flexibility is crucial. Many universities offer full-time, part-time, online, on-campus and hybrid options. Our school’s acclaimed online Cybersecurity Master’s Program, for instance, is known for its flexibility, making it easy to accommodate your schedule.

Aligning interests and goals

Understanding your long-term aspirations is crucial in choosing the right degree to help you reach your objectives.

Job market opportunities

Researching the job market for your chosen degree option, particularly in your region, can provide valuable insights. Some fields offer more promising opportunities than others.

Education requirements

Reviewing the educational prerequisites for positions you’re interested in is essential. Certain roles may mandate specific degrees, majors, or certifications.

Curriculum

Ensure that the program you’re considering covers the necessary courses to foster your development and learning.

The Bottom Line

All things considered, both cybersecurity and software engineering stand as excellent career choices. They provide opportunities for lucrative earnings, a wealth of job openings and a promising job outlook. Ultimately, the decision lies with you and what you envision for your future.

If you find yourself leaning toward the dynamic field of cybersecurity, we invite you to explore our school’s online master’s program and certificate offerings, designed to equip you with the expertise and skills needed to thrive in this ever-evolving industry.

FAQ

Is cyber security a branch of software engineering?

No, cybersecurity is a distinct field focused on protecting digital assets and systems from cyber threats.

Which is better: cybersecurity or software engineering?

There isn’t an objectively better choice. It depends on individual interests and career goals, as both fields offer rewarding opportunities.

Which pays more: cybersecurity or software engineering?

On average, software engineering tends to have higher salaries, but both fields can offer competitive compensation depending on specialization and experience.

Which field has a better future: cybersecurity or software engineering?

Both fields have promising outlooks due to the increasing reliance on technology.

Is software engineering harder than cybersecurity?

The difficulty level for either field varies on individual abilities, strengths and interests.

Can a software engineer be a cybersecurity engineer?

Yes, a software engineer can transition into a career in cybersecurity as many of the skills from software engineering can be transferred to cybersecurity. However, additional training and expertise in security protocols, tools and practices are needed.