Computer Science vs. Cybersecurity: Which Degree Is Right for You?

As technology evolves, it not only introduces new roles and industries but also necessitates the development of diverse degree programs to equip students for these emerging fields. With so many degree options available today, it can be daunting to pinpoint the differences and decide which one’s right for you. And that’s where we come in. 

In this article, we’ll demystify two popular fields: computer science and cybersecurity. We’ll delve into their foundations, compare curriculums, assess job opportunities, and examine salary expectations.

By the end, you’ll have a clearer perspective on both domains, empowering you to determine if computer science or cybersecurity aligns more closely with your academic and professional goals. Dive in to find the best fit for your future.

Understanding the Basics

Computer science and cybersecurity, though closely related within the realm of technology, exhibit fundamental differences in their focus and objectives. Below, we will explore the contrast between computer science and cybersecurity by understanding the basics of each field.

Computer science

Computer science is the academic discipline and field of study that encompasses the theoretical foundations and practical applications of computation, algorithms, data structures, and the design of computer systems. It involves systematically investigating processes related to information processing, storage, retrieval, and communication, as well as developing software and hardware solutions to address a wide range of computational challenges.

Some core principles in computer science include algorithmic thinking, which focuses on creating step-by-step procedures for efficient problem-solving, data structures for effective organization and management of information, and proficiency in programming languages, which is essential for software and application development. 

The field also deals with computational complexity, analyzing the efficiency and performance of algorithms, and delves into the theory of computation, exploring what can and cannot be computed by machines.

Cybersecurity

On the other hand, the cybersecurity field is a branch of computer science that focuses on protecting digital assets such as information systems, networks, and data in general from cyber threats and unauthorized access. It involves systematically identifying vulnerabilities, creating strong defense mechanisms, and developing strategies to minimize risks and potential breaches.

The core principles of the cybersecurity field are anchored in the so-called CIA triad: 

• Confidentiality ensures that sensitive information is accessible only to authorized individuals.
• Integrity maintains the accuracy and security of data.
• Availability ensures that all the necessary information and systems are accessible when required. 

By combining these core principles, as a cybersecurity professional, you could create a secure digital environment, safeguarding critical information from unauthorized access and potential cyber threats.

Curriculum Differences

Because cybersecurity is essentially a subset of computer science, there may be some overlap regarding courses that are useful in both fields. However, they generally focus on different areas and, therefore, have different curriculums.

Computer science

Typically, if you choose to pursue a computer science degree, the curriculum encompasses a comprehensive selection of courses related to many branches of the discipline. Such curriculums explore fundamental concepts while also touching on more advanced topics.

Some common courses you can expect to find in a computer science program’s curriculum include:

• Algorithms and Data Structures
• Programming Languages
• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
• Databases and Data Management
• Software Engineering
• Operating Systems
• Computer Architecture
• Network Protocols
• Web Development
• Theory of Computation

Computer science programs often emphasize both theory and practical application, thus enabling you to develop a deep understanding of all key computational principles.

Cybersecurity

If you opt for a cybersecurity program, you’ll focus on a specialized curriculum to equip you with the skills to safeguard digital assets. Such a program will include courses covering various topics in cybersecurity, such as:

• Database Management Systems
• Networking and Cloud Computing
• Hardware and Software Platforms
• Basic Scripting and Programming
• Special Topics in Information Systems
• Fundamentals of Cybersecurity
• Cybersecurity Planning and Management
• CISS 8323 - Information Assurance Compliance and Auditing
• CISS 8324 - Penetration Testing
• CISS 8325 - Digital Forensics

This comprehensive curriculum ensures you acquire practical skills in pinpointing weaknesses, fortifying networks, and adeptly tackling cyber threats. By the end, you’ll be well-equipped to shield digital domains from looming cyber dangers.

Career Opportunities

Next, we will examine the difference between cybersecurity and computer science in terms of career opportunities. Understanding the unique pathways and professional trajectories each field offers is essential for making an informed decision about your academic and career pursuits.

Computer science

If you have a computer science degree, you have a variety of exciting career paths to choose from. You can become a software developer, creating innovative applications for mobile devices or enterprise systems, or a data scientist who uses their expertise to extract valuable insights from complex datasets, informing critical business decisions.

The theoretical knowledge and skills developed through the program will ensure you are well equipped for entry-level jobs in various other positions as well, such as:

• Network administrator
• Artificial intelligence engineer
• Game developer
• Database administrator
• Cloud engineer/architect

Cybersecurity

Similarly, if you hold a degree in cybersecurity, a multitude of dynamic career opportunities await you. You could step into the role of a security engineer or architect guarding organizations’ sensitive information against cyber threats by designing and implementing various security infrastructures.

Some other career options you can choose to pursue include:

• Information security analyst
• Incident response analyst
• Forensic computer analyst
• Ethical hacker
• Security consultant

Skill Sets and Traits for Success

You can find another difference between cybersecurity and computer science in the skills and traits necessary for success in each field. Below, we go through some of the most notable ones.

Computer science

Succeeding in computer science requires a well-rounded set of skills and traits, many of which you can hone through comprehensive academic programs. Some of the essential skills and attributes necessary include:

• Proficiency in languages like Python, Java, and C++
• Knowledge of data structures and algorithms
• Understanding of the fundamentals of web development, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
• Familiarity with machine learning concepts and tools
• A thorough understanding of computer hardware components and their functionalities
• Ability to create a rudimentary operating system
• Proficiency in how computer networks operate
• Basic skills related to cybersecurity
• Collaboration skills
• Time-management skills
• Creativity and critical thinking skills

Cybersecurity

The cybersecurity field also demands a versatile blend of skills and qualities, many of which can be developed through rigorous academic programs. These programs help cultivate the following essential attributes:

• Proficiency in cybersecurity tools and technologies, including familiarity with firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption protocols
• Ability to dissect complex security challenges, identify vulnerabilities, and devise strategic solutions
• Knowledge of operating systems and network protocols
• Proficiency in ethical hacking techniques and penetration testing
• A solid grasp of legal and compliance frameworks, such as GDPR, HIPAA, and NIST
• Analytical and critical-thinking skills 
• Communication and collaboration skills
• Ethical integrity and professionalism

Financial Considerations

When contemplating a cybersecurity or computer science degree, it’s crucial to factor in the financial considerations. Academic programs in these fields can vary widely in cost, depending on the institution and location. Tuition, fees, and related expenses can range from a few thousand to tens of thousands of dollars per year.

However, viewing this investment in education as a long-term endeavor is essential. As we mentioned, cybersecurity and computer science are fields with robust job markets. You can enjoy high salaries in various roles in these two fields, especially as you gain experience and expertise. 

For example, recent data shows that as a computer scientist, you can typically earn an approximate annual salary of $153,107 in the United States region. In contrast, as a cybersecurity professional, you can expect an estimated yearly income of $101,822.

Ultimately, the return on investment for a cybersecurity or computer science degree can be substantial, making the initial financial outlay a prudent investment in a lucrative and rewarding career path.

Future Outlook

Recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates a highly favorable job outlook for individuals pursuing careers in computer and information technology occupations. Projections from 2022 to 2032 reveal that employment in these fields is expected to grow significantly faster than the average for all occupations, with an estimated 377,500 new job openings emerging each year.

Moreover, some specific roles within both fields exhibit even more promising prospects. For instance, information security analysts are anticipated to experience a remarkable 32% projected growth, reflecting the ever-increasing importance of cybersecurity in our digital age. 

Similarly, computer and information research scientists are expected to see a notable 23% growth, underscoring the persistent demand for innovation and advancements in technology-related research and development. These statistics highlight the abundant opportunities and demand in computer science and cybersecurity.

Key Considerations When Choosing a Degree

Choosing between computer science or cybersecurity can significantly shape your educational journey and future career. It’s crucial to be well-informed and deliberate in your choice. To assist you in making an informed decision, here’s a checklist of factors to consider:

Your goals and interests

Consider which field aligns more with your interests and passion. Are you more inclined toward coding, software development, and algorithms, in which case computer science would be a better fit, or are you more interested in protecting digital systems and information from cyber threats? Consider your long-term career goals and see which field would better suit them.

Job market

Research the current job market for both computer science and cybersecurity professionals and see whether there are more opportunities in one field compared to the other in your region.

Educational requirements

Explore the educational requirements for each field and how well they fit with your goals. Some roles require you to complete specific degree options, such as, for example, a bachelor’s in Computer Information Systems and Security (CISS) or a relevant certificate in addition to the degree.

Curriculum

Examine the curriculum of programs offered by educational institutions. Ensure that the program you are interested in covers the areas of interest and expertise you want to develop.

Program format

Explore and choose a program that suits your needs. Many universities offer full-time or part-time options and the opportunity to follow your classes online or on-campus to fit your schedule.

The Bottom Line

While there are certainly overlaps between cybersecurity and computer science, they diverge significantly in their areas of emphasis and the career paths they lead to.

The decision between the two ultimately hinges on your interests, strengths, and long-term goals. Whether you’re drawn to the intricate world of software development and algorithms or the critical mission of safeguarding digital assets and information, the choice is yours.

If you’ve found your passion ignited by the insights shared in this article, we encourage you to consider pursuing a degree at our school, where you can embark on a rewarding educational journey. Your future in the world of technology awaits!

FAQ

Is cybersecurity harder than computer science?

Difficulty varies from person to person. Cybersecurity and computer science have different challenges, but not necessarily one more than the other.

Is cybersecurity a branch of computer science?

Yes, cybersecurity is generally considered as a branch of computer science.

Which degree is better: computer science or cybersecurity?

Neither degree is universally better than the other. It all depends on your interests and career goals.

Is a background in computer science necessary for cybersecurity?

A computer science background is beneficial but not always necessary for cybersecurity. It is best to research the role of cybersecurity you want to pursue and see the prerequisites.

Which major should I pursue if I’m interested in cybersecurity?

In such a case, you should pursue a major in cybersecurity or computer science with a focus on cybersecurity.